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16. Property, plant and equipment

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buildings and land
 computer hardware
 leasehold improvements, furnitures and fixtures
 total
Cost
 76.7
 169.0
 408.4
 654.1
Accumulated depreciation and impairment
 33.2
 143.2
 322.1
 498.5
Balance at January 1, 2011
 43.5
 25.8
 86.3
 155.6
Book value at January 1, 2011
 43.5
 25.8
 86.3
 155.6
Acquisition of subsidiaries
 8.3
 5.9
 2.7
 16.9
Disposal of subsidiaries
 0.0
 (0.4)
 (0.5)
 (0.9)
Additions
 0.0
 22.6
 41.6
 64.2
Disposals
 (4.7)
 (0.2)
 (1.6)
 (6.5)
Depreciation
 (1.5)
 (16.3)
 (36.5)
 (54.3)
Translation differences
 2.2
 0.8
 1.4
 4.4
Balance at December 31, 2011
 47.8
 38.2
 93.4
 179.4
Cost
 82.8
 192.2
 434.1
 709.1
Accumulated depreciation and impairment
 35.0
 154.0
 340.7
 529.7
Balance at December 31, 2011
 47.8
 38.2
 93.4
 179.4
Book value at January 1, 2012
 47.8
 38.2
 93.4
 179.4
Acquisition of subsidiaries
 0.0
 0.0
 0.0
 0.0
Disposal of subsidiaries
 0.0
 0.0
 (1.1)
 (1.1)
Additions
 0.0
 17.4
 25.8
 43.2
Disposals
 (2.0)
 (0.6)
 (1.0)
 (3.6)
Depreciation
 (1.8)
 (17.8)
 (34.7)
 (54.3)
Impairment
 (2.4)
 -
 (2.9)
 (5.3)
Translation differences
 (1.9)
 (0.3)
 (0.8)
 (3.0)
Balance at December 31, 2012
 39.7
 36.9
 78.7
 155.3
Cost
 75.1
 192.0
 432.5
 699.6
Accumulated depreciation and impairment
 35.4
 155.1
 353.8
 544.3
Balance at December 31, 2012
 39.7
 36.9
 78.7
 155.3

Property, plant and equipment by segment:


2012
 2011
North America
 26.6
 27.5
France
 20.6
 27.9
Netherlands
 49.4
 51.4
Germany
 6.4
 7.8
Belgium & Luxembourg
 7.8
 8.5
United Kingdom
 7.2
 9.6
Iberia
 3.2
 3.2
Other European countries
 4.7
 6.6
Rest of the world
 29.4
 36.9
155.3
 179.4

Based on appraisals made by independent and expert appraisers, the estimated fair value of buildings and land is € 10 to € 15 million higher than the carrying amount.

In the consolidated statement of cash flows, proceeds from the sale of property, plant and equipment comprise:


2012
 2011
Net book value of disposals
 3.6
 6.5
Loss on disposals
 (1.1)
 (0.2)
Disposals property, plant and equipment, statement of cash flows
 2.5
 6.3

Impairment-charges are mainly related to restructuring measures.